When to plant
A cool-season crop. Plant transplants in early spring (4–6 weeks before last frost) for summer harvest, or plant in midsummer for a fall crop. Fall cabbage is generally sweeter. Cabbage tolerates frost well but not sustained freezing temperatures.
Soil & site
Cabbage needs rich, moist, well-drained soil. pH 6.5–7.0 is ideal (higher than most vegetables) to prevent clubroot. Work in compost deeply. Cabbage is a heavy nitrogen feeder — incorporate a nitrogen source before planting. Firm soil is important — loose soil produces cracked heads.
Feeding
Heavy nitrogen feeder early in the season for leaf development. Side-dress with a nitrogen fertilizer every 3–4 weeks until heads begin to form. Reduce nitrogen once the head is forming to avoid soft, split heads. Consistent watering is as important as fertilizing for solid heads.
Common problems
Cabbage worm and cabbage looper (hand-pick or Bt spray). Aphid colonies especially on inner leaves. Clubroot in acidic soil — lime to raise pH. Splitting from irregular watering or late nitrogen — keep moisture consistent. Cutworms at transplant time — use stem collars.
When to harvest
Cabbage heads are ready when they feel firm and solid when squeezed — like a tight ball. Loose or soft heads need more time. Most varieties are ready 70–120 days after transplanting. A head that starts to crack is over-mature — harvest immediately.
How to harvest
Cut the head from the base with a sharp knife, leaving outer wrapper leaves. Leave the stump and root system in place — it will produce several smaller mini-cabbages that are edible. Remove any damaged or insect-damaged outer leaves before storage.
Storage & use
Whole heads store in the refrigerator for up to 2 months or in a cool cellar (near 0°C) for 3–4 months. Don't cut until ready to use — cut cabbage deteriorates quickly. For long storage, ferment into sauerkraut or kimchi, which keeps for months.
Companion planting
Aromatic herbs like thyme and rosemary repel cabbage moths. Chamomile improves growth.
Useful for growing cabbage
A few things that make this one easier — chosen for this plant, not a generic list.
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