When to plant
A cool-season crop that dislikes both frost and heat. Start transplants indoors 4–6 weeks before last spring frost. Fall is often easier — count back 10–12 weeks from first fall frost. Days to maturity are 50–100 depending on variety. Consistent cool temperatures (50–65°F) produce the best heads.
Soil & site
Rich, well-drained soil with high organic matter. pH 6.0–7.0. Work in generous compost. Cauliflower is a heavy feeder and needs consistent moisture — stress at any point can cause buttoning (tiny, premature heads) or ricey texture.
Feeding
Heavy feeder. Apply high-nitrogen fertilizer every 2–3 weeks during the growing season. Side-dress with compost or fertilizer when plants are 6 inches tall. Calcium deficiency causes "hollow stem" — use calcium-rich amendments if this is a recurring problem.
Common problems
Cabbage loopers, aphids, and imported cabbageworms — use row covers early. Downy mildew and blackleg disease. Browning of the curd from cold or sun exposure. Buttoning (tiny heads) from transplant shock, cold snaps, or drought. Alternaria leaf spot in wet conditions.
When to harvest
The curd (the white head) should be firm, compact, and creamy white — or purple/green for colored varieties. Harvest when the curd is 6–8 inches in diameter before it starts to loosen, separate, or turn yellow. Once individual sections (florets) become visible and the head starts to "rice" or separate, it's past its prime.
How to harvest
Cut the stem about 2 inches below the curd with a sharp knife. Leave some wrapper leaves attached to protect the curd. For pure-white heads, blanch by folding outer leaves up over the curd when it's about the size of a golf ball — secure with a rubber band. Check every few days.
Storage & use
Keep the head unwashed in a plastic bag in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks. For long-term storage, blanch florets for 3 minutes and freeze. Cauliflower rice: pulse raw florets in a food processor and use as a rice substitute or pizza crust. Roasting intensifies its sweetness.
Companion planting
Chamomile and dill attract beneficial insects that help control cauliflower pests.
Useful for growing cauliflower
A few things that make this one easier — chosen for this plant, not a generic list.
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