When to plant
Start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before last frost. Transplant outdoors when nighttime temperatures are consistently above 10°C (50°F). In most climates this is late spring. Tomatoes are frost-tender and need warm soil — use a soil thermometer to confirm above 15°C before planting.
Soil & site
Tomatoes are heavy feeders that need deep, rich soil. Work 4–6 inches of compost into the bed before planting. Aim for pH 6.2–6.8. Mix in a handful of bone meal per plant for phosphorus to encourage strong root development and flower set.
Feeding
Apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) at planting. Once flowering begins, switch to a low-nitrogen, high-phosphorus/potassium formula (e.g. 5-10-10) every 2 weeks — too much nitrogen at this stage produces lush leaves but few fruits. Foliar-spray with diluted liquid kelp once a month for micronutrients.
Common problems
Blossom end rot (calcium deficiency — keep watering consistent). Early blight (brown spots with yellow halos — remove affected leaves, avoid wetting foliage). Hornworms (large green caterpillars — hand-pick or use Bt spray). Aphids on new growth — blast off with water. Cracking usually means irregular watering.
When to harvest
Fully ripe tomatoes are uniformly coloured (red, orange, yellow depending on variety), slightly soft when gently squeezed, and pull off the vine with a gentle twist. The skin should be firm and shiny — dull skin or cracks mean over-ripeness.
How to harvest
Hold the tomato and twist gently until the stem snaps at the knuckle joint. Never pull straight — you can damage the vine. If resistance is felt, use clean scissors and cut the stem just above the fruit. Harvest in the morning when fruits are cool. Check plants every 2–3 days at peak season.
Storage & use
Never refrigerate fresh tomatoes — cold temperatures destroy flavour and texture. Store at room temperature, stem-side down, out of direct sunlight for up to a week. For longer storage, roast and freeze, or make sauce. Green tomatoes can be left on the counter to ripen slowly.
Companion planting
Basil repels aphids and improves flavor. Plant marigolds to deter nematodes.
Useful for growing tomato
A few things that make this one easier — chosen for this plant, not a generic list.
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